Common Illness & Condition Required During Travel

Introduction Yellow fever is an acute infectious disease. Recognised in two different forms i.e. urban and jungle. Urban Yellow Fever occurs in cities and is spread from mosquito to human. In the jungle form, Yellow Fever is spread from mosquitoes to monkeys and also to humans (zoonosis). Although reported cases …

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Introduction Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is ‘Flu-like illness’. An epidemic of SARS affected 26 countries and resulted in over 8000 cases in 2003. Since then, a small number of cases have occurred as a result of laboratory accidents or through animal-to-animal transmission (Guangdong, China). Other countries/areas in which chains …

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Introduction Avian Influenza or bird flu is a type of contagious disease infecting poultry and birds. The world is already in a phase of Pandemic alert in which limited or no human transmission is recorded. Human cases of H5N1 have been reported in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia and China. To …

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Introduction Hepatitis B is the third most common infection in travelers. It is a disease which affects the liver. World wide, endemic with little seasonal variation. In areas of Africa and Asia widespread infection may occur in infancy and childhood, in North America infection is most common in young adults. …

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Introduction JE occurs in a number of countries in Asia and occasionally in Northern Queensland Australia, and East Rusia. The overall incidence of JE reported among people from nonendemic countries traveling to Asia is 1 case per 1 million travelers. However, expatriates and travelers staying for prolonged periods in rural …

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Introduction Travelers Diarrhoea is a clinical syndrome resulting from microbial (bacteria, viruses or parasites) contamination of ingested food and water. Causative agents: Four principal bacterial microorganisms in most high-risk areas are Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC), Shigella species, Salmonella species and Campylobacter. Pathogen isolation rates vary from 30% to 60%. Commonest …

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Introduction Fear of flying is a common psychological problem among travelers. Estimated that between 10 – 40% of all travelers experience some kind of phobia. Many factors can be associated with this condition, all of which need careful consideration and help. Travellers can also experience further pre-travel stress due to …

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Introduction First recognized in 1946. Travel related DVT is an added potential problem for at risk travelers who are immobile for extended periods of time. The problem is often associated with air travel. The risk is equally reported among those traveling by car, coach and train. DVT is a clotting …

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Introduction Poliomyelitis is a highly infectious viral disease of the central nervous system. Poliomyelitis is also known as infantile paralysis because it most frequently causes paralysis in infants and young children. Wild poliovirus transmission has ceased in all industrialized countries and much of the developing world. Until all countries have …

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Introduction Dirty wounds can become infected with the spores of Cl. tetani anywhere in the world. More common in agricultural regions and in areas where contact with animal excreta is more likely and immunization is inadequate. Causative agent: Clostridium tetani. The disease is caused by the action of a potent …

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