Respiratory

A solitary pulmonary nodule is a single abnormality in the lung that is smaller than 3 cm in diameter

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Lung transplantation, or pulmonary transplantation is a surgical procedure in which a patient's diseased lungs are partially or totally replaced by lungs which come from a donor. Donor lungs can be retrieved from a living donor or a deceased donor. A living donor can only donate one lung lobe. With some lung diseases a recipient may only need to receive a single lung. With other lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis (a disease which is very rare in Malaysia), it is imperative that a recipient receives two lungs. While lung transplants carry certain associated risks, they can also extend life expectancy and enhance the quality of life for end-stage pulmonary patients.

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A pleural biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of the pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lungs) is removed with a special biopsy needle.

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Pleuroscopy or medical thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that allows access to the pleural space using a combination of viewing and working instruments.

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Interstitial lung disease describes a large group of disorders most of which cause progressive scarring of the lung tissue which is irreversible. The scarring of lung tissue will affects your ability to breathe and get enough oxygen into your blood. The scarring of the lung can be caused by long-term exposure to hazardous materials like asbestos and it can also be part of systemic illness like connective tissue disease but in most cases the causes remain unknown.

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Introduction Pulmonary vascular diseases are a group of disease that affect the blood vessels along the route between the heart and lungs Causes Pulmonary embolism A pulmonary embolism happens when the blood flow through the lung’s artery is blocked suddenly. This is caused by a blood clot that has dislodged …

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Introduction Haemoptysis is the coughing of blood originating from the lungs. The blood can appear as flecks, streaks or can be massive in amount. Haemoptysis can be caused by many things but it is important to make sure that the blood is really from the lungs and not from other …

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Introduction Pleural cavity diseases affect the thin membrane, called the pleura that wraps around the lung and lines the inside of the chest wall. Between the layers of tissue is a very thin space called the pleural space. Normally this space is filled with a small amount of fluid—about 4 …

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Introduction What is sleep related disordered breathing or sleep apnea? If you snore, you may have sleep related disordered breathing which is also known as sleep apnea or obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). There are 2 terms when discussing sleep related disordered breathing. The first is apnea which refers to the …

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