PRIME YEARS

A solitary pulmonary nodule is a single abnormality in the lung that is smaller than 3 cm in diameter

Introduction Childbirth or delivery is the process that occurs at the end of pregnancy with the expulsion of a foetus, its membranes and placenta from the mother’s uterus. It usually starts with regular continuous contraction causing the opening of cervical os. The process of normal childbirth is categorised into the …

Introduction Postnatal period is the time occurring after birth until the genital tract and uterus have returned to normal. It starts from the expulsion of the placenta (the third phase of childbirth) until the last 42 days, also known as the period of confinement. Some hormonal changes during the postnatal …

Why is screening for chromosomal anomalies needed? The vast majority of pregnancies result in the delivery of a healthy baby, however a small percentage may have problems affecting the baby’s development. One of the causes for these problems included chromosomal anomalies. Chromosomal anomalies are diseases or syndromes that develop as …

Screening for Thalassemia Thalassaemia is the most common genetic disorder in the world, with around 250 million people, 4.5 percent of the world population, affected by the fatal disease. As 2010, Malaysia registered 4,768 people as Thalassaemic which required regular blood transfusion. And 5% of its population are carrier. Thalassemia …

Rationale Neural tube defects (NTDs) are major birth defect due to improper closure of embryonic neural tube that leads to major defect in brain and spine. The commonest neural tube defect is anencephaly (underdeveloped brain and incomplete skull) and spina bifida (incomplete closure of spinal cord). It is estimated that …

Colorectal cancer occurs in the colon or rectum. Colon is the large bowel while rectum is the passageway between the colon and the anus. Colorectal cancer occurs commonly worldwide. The risk of getting colorectal cancer increase with age. It is commonly found in people age 50 or older. There may …

Itchy eyes are a common ocular symptom. This symptom can be associated with eye redness, frequent eye rubbing, lid swelling, photophobia and blurred vision. The commonest causes of eye itchiness are allergic conjunctivitis, blepharitis and dry eye. Allergic conjunctivitis is an ocular surface allergic reaction towards an irritant substance called …

Myopia is an eye condition where image can be seen clearly at near but blur at distance or in other words, people with myopia or nearsightedness have difficulty seeing distant objects but can clearly see objects that are near. Myopia or nearsightedness affects a significant number of people. But this …

Lymphoma is a cancer that stars in cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the body’s immune system. Like any other types of cancer, lymphoma are divided to certain subtypes, almost 35 of them had been identified, depending on types of the involved cells. The lymph system (also known as …