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GENERAL

Unexplained Infertility

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after one year of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Evaluation of infertile couple should then be initiated and this would include semen analysis, assessment of ovulation and tubal patency test. Diagnosis of unexplained infertility is made when all these tests are normal. This diagnosis comprises 15% to 30% of all the infertility cases.

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Mitosis

Introduction Every cell in our body goes through a series of events, named cell cycle. This cell cycle leads to its growth, division and duplication in order to produce two daughter cells. In eukaryotic cells (cell with a nucleus), the cell cycle are divided into two main periods: interphase and …

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Meiosis

Meiosis occurs in ovaries and testes, where a single cell divides twice to produce four cells containing half the original amount of genetic information. These cells are our sex cells – sperm in males, eggs in females.

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Klinefelter Syndrome

Klinefelter syndrome is a chromosomal condition that affects males, whom are born with at least one extra X chromosome. Chromosomes, found in all body cells, contain genes. Genes provide specific instructions for body characteristics and functions.

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Karyotype Analysis

Karyology is the study of whole sets chromosome by referring to its standard format known as karyogram or ideogram. Cells collected from individual are induced to divide and the arrested at metaphase stage (a stage in cell division) where the chromosomes are condensed and visible.

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DiGeorge Syndrome

Introduction DiGeorge Syndrome also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a disorder caused by the deletion of a small region of chromosome 22. The deletion occurs at q arm (long arm) on chromosome 22 at location q11.2. Figure 1: Chromosome 22 There are many symptoms that reflect DiGeorge Syndrome. It …

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