Definition Anaemia is a condition where the number of red blood cells (RBCs) or haemoglobin within those cells in the blood is lower than the normal range. Oxygen binds to haemoglobin, the main part of a red blood cell (RBC), and gets carried away from the lungs to other organs …

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Iodine deficiency, as the name suggests, is a lack of iodine — a micronutrient used by the body to produce thyroid hormones (thyroxine, triiodothyronine), which are necessary for normal growth, development and metabolism throughout life. Lack of iodine in diet is called Iodine Deficiency Disease (IDD). The body does not …

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Newborn screening for G6PD deficiency is performed routinely in Malaysia because of our high disease prevalence. The World Health Organization recommends screening all newborns in populations with a prevalence of 3 to 5 percent or more in males. Neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia (severe jaundice) incidence is twice that of the general population …

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Introduction Hemoglobin A1c test (HbA1c, A1c, or Hb1c) is used to determine the average concentration of glucose in the blood plasma. Hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body. HbA1c is formed when glucose combines with the hemoglobin in red blood cells to form …

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Definition Have you seen a doctor because of fever, having to urinate more often than usual, pain or burning during urination, frequent sensation of having to urinate, even when the bladder is empty, cramping and pressure in lower abdomen or lower back and foul smelling urine, cloudy or bloody urine? …

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Introduction Insulin is a hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. Insulin is stored inside the beta cells of the pancreas which known as Islet of Langerhans. In our body, function of insulin are; Regulation the uptake and utilization of glucose Regulation protein synthesis and triglycerides storage Main …

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Introduction Every married women want to be pregnant. Pregnancy is the period of time when a fetus develops inside a woman’s uterus ends with the birth of the infant. Pregnancies typically involve a variety of clinical laboratory tests. The tests provide useful information from the time pregnancy is first considered …

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Introduction Kidneys are vital organs responsible for filtering out waste substances through urine excretion. Healthy kidneys can produce an average between 1 – 2 litres urine per day. The kidneys have ultrafilters called glomerulus. These glomerulus filter blood circulating the body and allow only waste substances known as urea and …

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Introduction Biochemistry is a branch of science that study the interaction of biological and chemical processes involved in life. Biochemistry was first described by a scientist from Germany, Carl Neuberg in 1903. Generally, biochemistry is closely related to medical, nutrition, molecular biology and plant and animal biology. Biochemistry is a …

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Introduction In medicine, imaging refers to the method used to view internal organs or structures within the body. There are several modalities used for imaging such as X-ray, CT Scan (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and ultrasound machines. Ultrasound was first applied to the human body for medical purposes …

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