Itchy eyes are a common ocular symptom. This symptom can be associated with eye redness, frequent eye rubbing, lid swelling, photophobia and blurred vision. The commonest causes of eye itchiness are allergic conjunctivitis, blepharitis and dry eye. Allergic conjunctivitis is an ocular surface allergic reaction towards an irritant substance called …

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Myopia is an eye condition where image can be seen clearly at near but blur at distance or in other words, people with myopia or nearsightedness have difficulty seeing distant objects but can clearly see objects that are near. Myopia or nearsightedness affects a significant number of people. But this …

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Lymphoma is a cancer that stars in cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the body’s immune system. Like any other types of cancer, lymphoma are divided to certain subtypes, almost 35 of them had been identified, depending on types of the involved cells. The lymph system (also known as …

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Stroke can affect anyone, especially those deemed to be in the high-risk category. Most stroke patients often encounter movement difficulties due to paralysis or partial paralysis of the body or affected areas only. They are also at risk of developing speech difficulties and swallowing disorders due to the paralysis or …

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The virus is transmitted to humans via the bite of infected various mosquitoes of the genus Culex (Culex tritaeniorhynchus and gelidus). It infects pigs and various wild birds as well as humans. Mosquitoes become infective after feeding on viraemic pigs or birds (reservoir). Humans are a dead-end host in the JE transmission cycle.

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Introduction Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is ‘Flu-like illness’. An epidemic of SARS affected 26 countries and resulted in over 8000 cases in 2003. Since then, a small number of cases have occurred as a result of laboratory accidents or through animal-to-animal transmission (Guangdong, China). Other countries/areas in which chains …

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Introduction Avian Influenza or bird flu is a type of contagious disease infecting poultry and birds. The world is already in a phase of Pandemic alert in which limited or no human transmission is recorded. Human cases of H5N1 have been reported in Vietnam, Thailand, Cambodia, Indonesia and China. To …

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Hearing aids are electronic devices requires special care to ensure that they are function properly. The audiologist will show a carer/parents how to care for and check them regularly. Hearing aid care kits consists of: Stetoclip A stetoclip allows a normal hearing person(eg: parents) to monitor the performance of hearing …

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Sound can be transmitted or perceived with our human ears in two ways, either through air conduction or bone conduction. In a normal individual, sound passes through the ear canal and hits the eardrum, creating a mechanical vibration through the middle ear bones (Ossicles). The mechanical vibrations is then transmitted …

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Cochlear implant technology is growing rapidly in Malaysia to assist patients with hearing problems especially among children. Cochlear implants may be beneficial for the speech development of children and help children attend normal schools. However, the success of cochlear implants depends on the detection and early intervention of children and …

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